The coverage of irans water supply system is generally good. Facts and statistics about the drinking water source of iran. Dec 11, 2017 skeletal fluorosis in relation to drinking water in rural areas of west azerbaijan, iran. Besides the persian gulf and gulf of oman asins, all of irans basins are located in the interior, where renewable freshwater sources are limited. As for the sanitary discharge of wastewater, access in. Pollution o f water resources used in agricultural sector due to the. Developing meteoric water lines for iran based on air.
Iran is divided into six key and 31 secondary catchment areas. Average population density is 40 inhabitantskm2, but ranges from less than 10 in the eastern part of the country up to more than 150 in the gilan. Nitrate and nitrite ions were analyzed by spectrophotometer 2100 uv vis, at 549. War of words heats up between iran and afghanistan over water.
Average population density is 40 inhabitantskm2, but ranges. Besides the persian gulf and gulf of oman asins, all of iran s basins are located in the interior, where renewable freshwater sources are limited. The global average annual precipitation is more than 830mm, classifying iran as arid and semiarid. Reduced water flow from turkey and iran coupled with the drought and the war with the islamic state have left iraqs major cities with intermittent supply of electricity two hours on and two hours off. The water crisis in iran refers to the problems regarding water scarcity in iran. It is predicted that iran is among the countries which will face an absolute water scarcity by 2025. Table 1 annual water resources and water use in iran from fao aquastat 2000 renewable. Abstract karaj and jajrood rivers are important sources of water supply for tehran province and special attention should be paid to water quality and its change trends in these rivers. Any solution for water challenge should include refining water consumption patterns.
Whounicef joint monitoring programme for water supply and sanitation. Meeting the mdg drinking water and sanitation target. A former agriculture minister has said irans water shortage is a bigger threat to the country than either israel or the united states, almonitor reported this week citing local media. Fluoride concentration of bottled water and tap water in tehran, iran article pdf available in journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects 54. The aim of this study is survey of nitrate and nitrite in ground water sources of shahrekord, iran. Water quality in iran at present, more than 96% of iranian cities have access to a safe water supply system. What is causing the looming crisis article pdf available in journal of environmental studies and sciences 44 december 2014 with 4,569 reads how we measure reads.
Developing meteoric water lines for iran based on air masses. Irans renewable energy potential middle east institute. In this study nsfwqi method as well as analytical methods was applied to determine water quality of these rivers. Overview of water management in iranreza ardakanian water. First, it was inordinately protracted, lasting longer than either world war, essentially because iran did not want to end it, while iraq could not. In the dry climate of the middle east, the river has ever since been of great importance to both countries, therefore tensions over the rivers management have a long history that supported the escalation of the water dispute in the run up to the outburst of the. The water shortage is intensified by seasonal rainfalls. To the best of our knowledge, the present research is the first to report t2 genotype from geothermal water sources in iran. Distribution of acanthamoeba genotypes isolated from. Water resource management is facing a critical situation nowadays. Pdf fluoride concentration of bottled water and tap. Agriculture is clearly the dominant water user of both surface and groundwater. Almost 27% of the gross national product gnp and 23% of the labor force belong to agriculture.
The water supply and sanitation situation has deteriorated as a result of the wars, among other things owing to shortages of chlorine imports for water treatment. M mosayebi, b ghorbanzadeh, z eslamirad, m ejtehadifar, b rastad, m. About 50% of the irrigation water is from surface sources and the other 50% is from groundwater ardakanian, 2005. Water supply and sanitation in iran has witnessed some important improvements, especially in terms of increased access to urban water supply, while important challenges remain, particularly concerning sanitation and service provision in rural areas.
Country highlights iran, islamic republic of glaas 2014 improved drinkingwater access unserved 97% 1 ruralurban 3% improved sanitation access unserved 89% 11% 5 6. Solutions are also put forward to control and reduce this for the future. The agricultural sector is the major user of water in iran, consuming more than 93% of the countrys water resources. Its weather is also influenced by various air masses and moisture sources. At present, 96 billion cubic meters of the countrys total 120 billion cubic. Iran, urban water, water crisis, drought, water management, water resources 1.
The groundwaterenergyfood nexus in irans agricultural. Spatial distribution of arsenic in groundwater of iran, a. Water scarcity in iran is combined with inefficient water use where domestic use of water is 70% higher than the global average. Intr oduction iran with an arid and semiarid geographic specification is located in southwest asia. Due to its strategic importance for both iraq and iran, for centuries both countries have defended their sovereignty rights over the river. Table 1 brief overview of water cycle in iran source. Water shortages, directly and indirectly, affect many aspects of life, including the control of water storage and its supply, distribution types, transmission, productivity factor, planning, conservation management and more. Iran and tajikistan has good relation, because of their similar culture and language and customs. Low precipitation rate and drought in iran has provoked a wave of requests among officials for discovering new water resources. The inventory of shared water resources in western asia is the first effort led by the united nations to catalogue and characterize transboundary surface and groundwater resources in the middle east.
What perspectives for cooperation between afghanistan, iran and pakistan. Freshwater2004 iran 1 freshwater and sanitation country profile the islamic republic of iran decisionmaking programmes and projects status capacitybuilding, education, training and awarenessraising. Dec 07, 2019 facts and statistics about the drinking water source of iran. Iran is an agricultural country, and the agricultural sector plays an important role in the national economy. Survey of nitrate and nitrite in ground water sources of.
Status of agricultural water use in iranamin alizadeh. The shatt alarab river forms the boundaries between iran and iraq before flowing into the persian gulf. The main source of water resources throughout the country is annual precipitation. Frequent droughts coupled with overabstraction of surface and groundwater through a large network of hydraulic infrastructure and deep wells have escalated the nations water situation to a critical level. It is a desk study by the united nations economic and social commission for western asia. Until recently traditional irrigation systems, using both surface and groundwater supplies, have been widely utilized for. Acanthamoeba species are freeliving protozoa that can be isolated from all environments. This entry provides information about access to improved or unimproved drinking water sources available to segments of the population of a country. Water shortage in iran has been considered as one of the limiting factors for sustainable development. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Iran, islamic republic of world health organization. Sources of arsenic were suggested to be geothermal or from sedimentation and mining yazdi et al. Iran climatology and weather conditions iran is known for its diverse topography and climatology.
Iran and turkey divert iraqs river waters, leaving iraq. Iran is a semiarid to arid country that faces a water shortage crisis. Rendering the functions of water and wastewater companies more economical creating bodies to regulate the national water and wastewater sector to start the. The islamic republic of iran covers a total area of about 1.
Challenges of a waterbankrupt nation iran is currently experiencing serious water problems. Assessment of surface water resources quality in tehran. Natural gas has been the main energy in iran in 2007, comprising over 55 percent of energy needs, while oil and hydroelectricity accounted for 42 and 2 percent respectively. Therefore, applying accurate stable isotope techniques to investigate irans precipitation characteristics and developing iran meteoric water lines mwls as an initial step for future isotope hydrology studies is vitally important. Apart from the qanat, which was a major source of irrigation and domestic water supply for centuries, iranians have in the past built dams of various types and. The countries most dependent on groundwater resources are located in the middle east and north africa. In 2006 access to improved drinking water sources reached 77 percent of. Groundwater management in iran ground water governance. A longrunning diplomatic squabble between iran and afghanistan over shared water resources appears to be intensifying, with the two countries presidents trading. The increasing demand for water has caused an alarming decrease in annual per capita renewable water resources, currently estimated to be about 2,000 m 3 for a population of around 65 million.
Pdf the isolation and detection of acanthamoeba in rural. The situation of water resources in iran has passed beyond the critical condition, donyaye eqtesad daily quoted iranian energy minister hamid chitchian as saying on february 19. The total longterm annual renewable water resources in iran are. Water resource development in iran peter beaumont iran is an arid country with water surpluses existing in only small portions of the northern and western parts. Given the sustainability of the ancient qanats system to extract groundwater, the potential importance of qanats in helping to solve irans water security challenges is unquestionable.
Because water is a critical natural resource, it has always played a vital role in progress and development. Since the first known human empire was established thousands of years ago in the southwestern part of iran, water has played a key role in any social changes that have taken place in this country. Today, water is considered one of the fundamental keys of development, economic prosperity, and social wellbeing. It must also keep the stockpiles level of enrichment at 3. Iran and iraq have been relying on the shatt alarab river as waterway for transportation and exports. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of areu and can. The application of moisture sources mwls to study the role and contribution of various moisture sources in karstic springs and surface water resources recharge is a new method. Owing to the traditional method of irrigation and water conveying systems, the irrigation water use efficiency varies. The iranian water crisis future directions international. More of surface water resources availability, by country and economy.
Irans uranium stockpile was reduced by 98% to 300kg 660lbs, a figure that must not be exceeded until 2031. Iran and tajikistan cooperation in water resources tajikistan has very good capacities for developing water and hydropower plans in central asia. Iran islamic republic of 3 reversed over the last 50 years, the urban population being around 31 percent in 1955 mahmoodian, 2001. Freshwater2004iran 1 freshwater and sanitation country profile the islamic republic of iran decisionmaking programmes and projects status capacitybuilding, education, training and awarenessraising. Institutionally, the ministry of energy is in charge of policy and provincial companies are in charge of service provision. Vincent thomas with mujib ahmad azizi and khalid behzad may 2016 this document has been produced with the financial assistance of the european union. Until recently traditional irrigation systems, using both surface and groundwater supplies, have been widely utilized for agricultural production.
Jun 11, 2019 iran s uranium stockpile was reduced by 98% to 300kg 660lbs, a figure that must not be exceeded until 2031. Data include supplemental water in irwr, which includes desalination. Almost all experts believe that facing water challenge is not the mere discovery of new resources. Boasting the fourth largest oil reserve and the second largest supply of natural gas in the world, iran is a global hydrocarbons behemoth. Skeletal fluorosis in relation to drinking water in rural areas of west azerbaijan, iran. Mismanagement is one other reason of todays water crisis. Iran is an arid and semiarid country with scarce and sensitive water resources. Since the first known human empire was established thousands of years ago in the southwestern part of iran, water has played a key role in any social changes that have taken place in this. Iran and central asia cooperation in transboundary waters. Iran in pursuit of karst water resources tehran times. Assessing the impact of climate change on water resources in iran. Interbasin water transfers in iranahmad abrishamchi and. Ministry of energy is responsible for water supply, distribution, and conservation. The average annual precipitation is estimated at 250mm, varying from 50mm in parts of the central water basin, to more than 1,600mm in some coastal areas near the caspian sea.
Groundwater is the primary source of water in the majority of irans provinces. Water quality data sets consist of 9 parameters related to nsfwqi of three years from april. Iran islamic republic of food and agriculture organization of the. Assessing the impact of climate change on water resources. Apr 15, 2017 today, water is considered one of the fundamental keys of development, economic prosperity, and social wellbeing. Qanats convey water underground, which reduces evaporation, and only depend on natural gravity, rather than external sources of energy, for water transmission. Status of agricultural water use in iranamin alizadeh and. The islamic republic of iran here called iran covers a total area of 1. Skeletal fluorosis in relation to drinking water in rural. Increasing the diversity of investments sources and encouraging. The shatt alarab dispute was an important cause which led to the outbreak of the 19801988 war between iraq and iran. Karaj and jajrood rivers are important sources of water supply for tehran province and special attention should be paid to water quality and its change trends in these rivers. Condition of countrys water resources extremely critical baku, azerbaijan, feb. Jul 12, 2017 a longrunning diplomatic squabble between iran and afghanistan over shared water resources appears to be intensifying, with the two countries presidents trading barbs in speeches over the past.
Iraqs neighbors, both iran and turkey, initiated their dam projects at the peak of the iraqi central government malfeasance. Only 10 percent of the country receives adequate rainfall for agriculture. Indeed, it is agriculture that has led to overexploitation of groundwater in the central basins where surface water resources are negligible. In 1991 safe water supplies reached 100 percent in urban areas but only 54 percent in rural areas. Nevertheless, iranian policymakers have shown great interest in renewable energy r. A total number of 165 water samples were collected and analyzed from wells, water reservoirs, and water distribution network of kermanshah city fig.
315 1672 189 1321 238 248 1613 763 1423 557 314 1506 701 1644 144 1625 267 675 1393 1296 475 1180 297 571 1458 1047 743 1323 433 299 540